{"id":5573,"date":"2021-02-21T20:35:49","date_gmt":"2021-02-21T20:35:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guianatura.net\/?p=5573"},"modified":"2021-12-03T14:22:16","modified_gmt":"2021-12-03T14:22:16","slug":"secheresse-et-herbivores-menacent-genet-du-teide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guianatura.net\/fr\/secheresse-et-herbivores-menacent-genet-du-teide\/","title":{"rendered":"Menace sur le gen\u00eat du Teide"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La s\u00e9cheresse et la pr\u00e9sence d'herbivores menacent le gen\u00eat du Teide<\/h1>

La plante la plus caract\u00e9ristique du parc national est en grave d\u00e9clin, c'est pourquoi la direction de l'espace naturelle lance des programmes de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration.<\/h4><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Le gen\u00eat du Teide, Spartocytisus supranubius<\/em>, est la plante la plus caract\u00e9ristique<\/span> du Parc National du Teide<\/strong>. C'est un arbuste end\u00e9mique<\/span> des \u00eeles Canaries, dont la grande taille et les fleurs attrayantes sont devenues une image repr\u00e9sentative du parc national dans son histoire r\u00e9cente et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 catalogu\u00e9 dans la liste rouge de l'Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature comme \"pr\u00e9occupation mineure\" au niveau mondial. Cette esp\u00e8ce de haute montagne, qui pousse \u00e0 plus de 2 000 m\u00e8tres d'altitude<\/span>, est capable de supporter des conditions extr\u00eames de temp\u00e9rature et de faibles pr\u00e9cipitations et il est prouv\u00e9 qu'elle est pr\u00e9sente sur plus de onze mille hectares du parc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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\"Le gen\u00eat forme le paysage caract\u00e9ristique du parc depuis plus de 30 ans\", explique Jos\u00e9 Luis Mart\u00edn Esquivel<\/strong>, biologiste au Parc national du Teide, qui souligne que de nos jours, la pr\u00e9sence de cette esp\u00e8ce \"est de plus en plus rare, dont le d\u00e9clin d\u00e9mographique a \u00e9t\u00e9 vertigineux ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/span>, surtout sur le versant sud-ouest du parc\". \"Cela est d\u00fb au fait qu'il s'ass\u00e8che \u00e0 cause des temp\u00e9ratures \u00e9lev\u00e9es<\/strong> dans les zones les plus chaudes du parc et que beaucoup d'entre eux meurent de vieillesse \u00e0 60-70 ans parce qu'ils n'ont pas de prog\u00e9niture \u00e0 cause de l'action des herbivores<\/strong>\", dit-il.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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Cette augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature<\/span> et la s\u00e9cheresse \u00e9vidente de ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/span> dans le parc g\u00e9n\u00e8rent ce que l'on appelle un \"stress hydrique<\/strong>\" \u00e9vident qui affecte grandement de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces, et en particulier celle-ci tr\u00e8s caract\u00e9ristique. La situation affecte directement la sant\u00e9 des sp\u00e9cimens et cela donne lieu \u00e0 ces sc\u00e8nes que nous voyons aujourd'hui de \"peuplements jaun\u00e2tres ou secs, une image qui, malheureusement, devient d\u00e9j\u00e0 famili\u00e8re\".<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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La pr\u00e9sence d'esp\u00e8ces introduites<\/strong> dans cet environnement du sommet de l'\u00eele, comme le mouflon<\/strong> ou le lapin<\/strong>, fait que le gen\u00eat pr\u00e9sente, aujourd'hui, de s\u00e9rieux probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9<\/span>. Des \u00e9tudes indiquent que depuis 2006, la plante est plong\u00e9e dans un grave d\u00e9clin, principalement en raison du broutage par les lapins<\/span> qui se nourrissent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de jeunes plants et de jeunes sp\u00e9cimens. Cependant, la pr\u00e9sence du lapin n'est pas nouvelle, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit il y a environ 500 ans dans les \u00eeles Canaries et est l'une des 100 esp\u00e8ces envahissantes les plus nuisibles de la plan\u00e8te.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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Le gen\u00eat est une esp\u00e8ce du Teide, sa pr\u00e9sence contribue entre autres \u00e0 la fixation de l'azote<\/span>, au r\u00f4le du contr\u00f4le microclimatique et m\u00eame \u00e0 l'\u00e9tablissement d'autres esp\u00e8ces<\/span> de flore, ainsi qu'au contr\u00f4le des inondations et de l'\u00e9rosion<\/span> et \u00e0 la production de biomasse<\/span>. Tout cela, ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 l'importance de sa floraison qui aide un grand nombre d'invert\u00e9br\u00e9s<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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L'Office de gestion du parc national a mis en place des \"programmes de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration<\/strong> sur lesquels nous travaillons\", en particulier \"les graines sont collect\u00e9es, plant\u00e9es dans des serres<\/span> et ensuite les plantes sont renforc\u00e9es dans des p\u00e9pini\u00e8res<\/span>. L'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, des gen\u00eats et d'autres esp\u00e8ces ont \u00e9t\u00e9 plant\u00e9s dans les zones touch\u00e9es par les incendies de Roques de Garcia et de La Fortaleza, ainsi que dans la zone restaur\u00e9e o\u00f9 se trouvait le refuge des alpinistes. Cette ann\u00e9e, le repeuplement se poursuivra \u00e0 la Fortaleza, et une fois que les maisons du Sanatorio seront d\u00e9molies et la zone restaur\u00e9e, nous proc\u00e9derons au repeuplement, \u00e9galement principalement \u00e0 l'aide de gen\u00eats\".<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
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\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le gen\u00eat du Teide, Spartocytisus supranubius, est la plante la plus caract\u00e9ristique du Parc National du Teide. C’est un arbuste end\u00e9mique des \u00eeles Canaries, dont la grande taille et les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5582,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[20,8],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMenace sur le gen\u00eat du Teide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La plante la plus embl\u00e9matique du parc national du Teide est en danger \u00e0 cause de la s\u00e9cheresse et de la pr\u00e9sence d'herbivores introduits.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guianatura.net\/fr\/secheresse-et-herbivores-menacent-genet-du-teide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Menace sur le gen\u00eat du Teide\" \/>\n<meta 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